what does king nestor offer in sacrifice to zeus

Greek mythological effigy

According to some sources,^[1] this cup shows Hecamede mixing kykeon for Nestor. Tondo of an Attic carmine-figure cup, c. 490 BC. From Vulci.

A Roman mosaic probably depicting Nestor, 2nd century

Nestor of Gerenia (Ancient Greek: Νέστωρ Γερήνιος, Nestōr Gerēnios) was the legendary wise King of Pylos described in Homer'due south Odyssey.^[ii] Excavations from 1939 revealed his palace, and excavations have recently resumed at the site.

Family [edit]

Nestor was the son of Male monarch Neleus^[3] of Pylos and Chloris,^{[iv] [five]} girl of King Amphion^[6] of Orchomenus. Otherwise, Nestor's mother was called Polymede.^[seven]

His married woman was either Eurydice or Anaxibia; their children included Peisistratus, Thrasymedes, Pisidice, Polycaste, Perseus, Stratichus, Aretus, Echephron, and Antilochus. In late accounts, Nestor had a daughter Epicaste who became the mother of Homer by Telemachus.^{[8] [9]}

Mythology [edit]

Adventures [edit]

Originally from Gerenia, Nestor was an Argonaut, helped to fight the centaurs, and likewise participated in the hunt for the Calydonian Boar. He became the Male monarch of Pylos later on Heracles killed Neleus and all of Nestor's brothers. He was said to have lived three generations by favour of Apollo: the years which the god had taken from Chloris and her brothers, he granted to Nestor.^[10]

He and his sons, Antilochus and Thrasymedes, fought on the side of the Achaeans in the Trojan State of war. Though Nestor was already very sometime when the war began, he was noted for his bravery and speaking abilities. In the Iliad, he often gives advice to the younger warriors and advises Agamemnon and Achilles to reconcile. He is too old to appoint in combat himself, but he leads the Pylian troops, riding his chariot, and i of his horses is killed by an arrow shot past Paris. He also had a solid gold shield. Homer oft calls him by the epithet "the Gerenian horseman." At the funeral games of Patroclus, Nestor advises Antilochus on how to win the chariot race. Antilochus was later on killed in battle by Memnon.

In the Odyssey, Nestor and those who were part of his army had safely returned to Pylos, having chosen to leave Troy immediately after plundering the city rather than staying behind with Agamemnon to gratify Athena, who was angered by the heinous actions of some of the Greeks (probably Ajax the Lesser).^[eleven] Odysseus'southward son Telemachus travels to Pylos to ask about the fate of his male parent. Nestor receives his friend's son,^[12] Telemachus, kindly and entertains him lavishly only is unable to furnish whatsoever information on his father's fate. Also appearing in the Odyssey are Nestor's wife Eurydice and their remaining living sons: Echephron, Stratius, Aretus, Thrasymedes and Peisistratus. Nestor also had two daughters named Pisidice and Polycaste.

Advice [edit]

Nestor's advice in the Iliad, while always respected by his listeners due to his age and experience, is always tempered with a sub-text of humor at his expense due to his boastfulness, as he is never able to manipulate the advice without commencement spending several paragraphs recounting his own heroic actions in the past when faced with similar circumstances.

In the Odyssey, as well, Homer's admiration of Nestor is tempered past some humor at his expense: Telemachus, having returned to Nestor'south habitation from a visit to Helen of Troy and Menelaus (where he has sought further information on his father's fate), urges Peisistratus to permit him board his vessel immediately to render dwelling house rather than being subjected to a further dose of Nestor'south rather overwhelming sense of hospitality. Peisistratus readily agrees, although ruefully stating that his father is spring to be furious when he learns of Telemachus'south departure.

Nestor and his sons cede to Poseidon on the beach at Pylos (Attic red-figure calyx-krater, 400–380 BC).

Nestor's advice in the Iliad has also been interpreted to have sinister undertones. For instance, when Patroclus comes to Nestor for advice in Book 11, Nestor persuades him that it is urgent for him to disguise himself as Achilles. Karl Reinhardt argues that this is contrary to what Patroclus really originally wanted—in fact, he is only at that place to receive data on behalf of Achilles nigh the wounded Machaon.^[thirteen] Reinhardt notes that an "unimportant errand left behind past an all-important ane ... Patroclus' role as messenger is crucial and an ironic purpose permeates the encounter."^[14]

Homer offers contradictory portrayals of Nestor as a source of communication. On ane hand, Homer describes him as a wise man; Nestor repeatedly offers communication to the Achaeans that has been claimed to be anachronistic in Homer's time—for example, arranging the armies past tribes and clans or effectively using chariots in battle.^[15] Yet at the aforementioned fourth dimension Nestor's advice is often ineffective. Some examples include Nestor accepting without question the dream Zeus plants in Agamemnon in Book 2 and urging the Achaeans to battle, instructing the Achaeans in Book 4 to use spear techniques that in authenticity would be disastrous,^[16] and in Volume eleven giving advice to Patroclus that ultimately leads to his death. Yet Nestor is never questioned and instead is frequently praised.^[17]

Hanna Roisman explains that the characters in the Iliad ignore the discrepancy between the quality of Nestor'due south communication and its outcomes because, in the world of the Iliad, "outcomes are ultimately in the hands of the ever arbitrary and fickle gods ... heroes are not necessarily viewed every bit responsible when things go awry." In the Iliad, people are judged not necessarily in the modern view of results, but as people.^[xviii] Therefore, Nestor should be viewed as a skilful advisor because of the qualities he possesses as described in his introduction in Book 1—equally a man of "sweet words," a "articulate-voiced orator," and whose voice "flows sweeter than beloved."^[xix] These are elements that make upwards Nestor, and they parallel the elements that Homer describes as part of a skillful counselor at Iliad 3.150–152. Therefore, "the definition tells us that Nestor, as a good advisor, possesses the three features ... that it designates."^[18] Nestor is a adept counselor inherently, and the consequences of his advice have no begetting on that, a view that differs from how good counselors are viewed today.

Reference in texts [edit]

Nestor is referred to in William Shakespeare'southward play The Merchant of Venice, in Scene 1 of Deed I, every bit a person who would laugh only at a very serious joke.^[xx]

Nestor is also a character in Shakespeare'due south play Troilus and Cressida, set during the Trojan War.

Nestor is also referred to in Shakespeare's play Henry VI part 3 3 ii 188 Richard says: "I'll play the orator also as Nestor".

The 2d affiliate of James Joyce's Ulysses is conventionally titled Nestor, with Stephen Dedalus (the Telemachos of the novel) visiting the older school headmaster Garrett Deasy who counsels him on various subjects, and easily him a lengthy treatise on pes and mouth disease for publishing. Mr. Deasy is a bigotted and unpleasant graphic symbol, and his suggest not particularly helpful, and then his identification with the Greek sage should probably be read equally ironic.

See likewise [edit]

• Nestor's Loving cup

Notes [edit]

1. ^ Dalby, A. (1996) Siren Feasts, London, p. 151, ISBN 0415156572
2. ^ Homer, Odyssey 17.108-112
3. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 10 & 14.4
4. ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio ix.36.8; Tzetzes, Allegories of the Iliad Prologue 516
5. ^ Tzetzes, John (2015). Allegories of the Iliad. Translated by Goldwyn, Adam; Kokkini, Dimitra. Harvard Academy Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library. pp. 39, Prologue 516. ISBN978-0-674-96785-4.
6. ^ Apollodorus, Bibliotheca i.ix.ix; Scholia on Homer, Odyssey 11.281 citing Pherecydes
7. ^ Tzetzes, John (2015). Allegories of the Iliad. Translated by Goldwyn, Adam; Kokkini, Dimitra. Harvard Academy Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library. pp. 39, Prologue 517. ISBN978-0-674-96785-4.
8. ^ "Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns, and Homerica" (Contest of Homer and Hesiod)
9. ^ Parke, Herbert William (1967). Greek Oracles. pp. 136–137 citing the Certamen, 12.
10. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae ten. In this account, the myth speculates that this Chloris, mother of Nestor, was one of the Niobids and Apollo, who killed her siblings, granted her son long life for the bounty of that murder.
11. ^ Odyssey Book III.140-170
12. ^ "... In Book 3 of the Odyssey , when Telemakhos journeys to Pylos and calls upon Nestor, Odysseus' comrade at Troy, seeking news about his long- missing father, he finds Nestor on the seashore, presiding over the Pylians' g sacrifi ce to Poseidon, the body of water god." Cambridge University Press Festivals, Feasts and Gender Relations in Ancient China and Hellenic republic (2010), page 74
13. ^ Reinhardt, Karl (1961). Dice Iliad und ihr Dichter, Gottingen, 258–61.
14. ^ Pedrick, Victoria (1983). "The Paradigmatic Nature of Nestor'southward Spoken communication in Iliad eleven". Transactions of the American Philological Clan. 113: 55–68. doi:ten.2307/284002. JSTOR 284002.
15. ^ Kirk, Yard. S. (1987) The Iliad: A Commentary, 1. Books 1–4 Cambridge Academy Press, ISBN 0521281717.
16. ^ Postlethwaite, N. (2000) Homer's Iliad: A Commentary on the Translation of Richmond Lattimore, Exeter, on 4.301–nine.
17. ^ Examples include Iliad 2.372, iv.293 and 11.627.
18. ^ ^{a b} Roisman, Hanna (2005). "Nestor the Good Counselor". Classical Quarterly. 55: 17–38. doi:10.1093/cq/bmi002.
19. ^ Iliad 1.247–253
20. ^ GradeSaver. "Who is Nestor?Why is he referred to in the extract? | Merchant of Venice Questions | Q & A | GradeSaver". www.gradesaver.com . Retrieved 2020-06-25 .

References [edit]

• Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation past Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Printing; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
• Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited past Mary Grant. Academy of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
• Homer, The Iliad with an English language Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Homer, Homeri Opera in v volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Printing. 1920. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Homer, The Odyssey with an English language Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Printing; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text bachelor from the same website.
• Tzetzes, John, Allegories of the Iliad translated by Goldwyn, Adam J. and Kokkini, Dimitra. Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library, Harvard University Press, 2015. ISBN 978-0-674-96785-iv

Further reading [edit]

• Douglas Frame 2009: Hippota Nestor: Washington, DC: Heart for Hellenic Studies
• Douglas Frame 1978: The Myth of Return in Early Greek Epic, New Haven: Yale Academy Press.
• Keith Dickson 1995: Nestor: Poetic Retentivity in Greek Ballsy: NY: Garland Publishers.
• Keith Dickson 1993: "Nestor Among the Sirens," Oral Tradition 8/1: 21-58.
• Richard R. Martin 2012: Review of Douglas Frame Hippota Nestor 2009 in American Periodical of Philology (AJP) 133.iv (Winter 2012): 687-692
• Hanna Roisman 2005: "Nestor the Skillful Advisor," Classical Quarterly 55: 17-38 doi:10.1093/cq/bmi002
• Victoria Pedrick 1983: :The Paradignatic Nature of Nestor'due south Speech,: Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Assn. (TAPA) 113: 55-68.
• R.M. Frazer 1971: "Nestor's Generations, Iliad 2.250-2" Glotta 49:216-8;
• 5.C. Mathews 1987: "Kaukonian Dyme: Antimachus fr.27-viii and the text of Homer," Eranos 85: 91-vii.
• Jack L. Davis (ed) 1998: Sandy Pylos: An Archaeological History from Nestor to Navarino. Austin: Academy of Texas Press.
• William Yard. Loy 1970: Land of Nestor: A Physical Geography of the Southwest Peloponnesos: Washington, DC. National Academy of Sciences.
• Carl Blegen and Marion Rawson (ed) 1966: Palace of Nestor at Pylos in Western Messenia for University of Cincinnati by Princeton University Press.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestor_(mythology)

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